How courts and legislatures are treating Artificial Intelligence — case tracker, analysis, and India angle.
The Pennsylvania Superior Court published a decision in a car loan dispute where court submissions contained AI/LLM-generated citations to cases that do not exist. The Westlaw annotation explicitly identifies large language model (LLM) hallucinations as the source, marking one of the first state appellate courts to use that specific terminology.
A Kansas federal court in Jeffries v. Harcros barred defence counsel from using AI tools trained on or containing any materials produced during discovery — an unprecedented restriction protecting the confidentiality of litigation-sensitive documents. The ruling signals that courts will impose technology-specific use restrictions where AI systems risk absorbing and reproducing protected discovery materials.
The Federal Court of Canada dismissed a self-represented applicant’s motion appealing the rejection of additional affidavit evidence in a human rights judicial review. The court found the applicant failed to show reviewable error, and the record reflected issues with the applicant’s AI-influenced su
The Hawaii Supreme Court denied a pro se mother’s petition for writ of mandamus in a child support case but cautioned her that her submissions contained multiple inaccurate case citations and unsupported assertions — including a citation to a nonexistent case used to argue the Family Court lacked ju
A Michigan Court of Appeals zoning opinion was flagged by Westlaw for containing citation references that are incorrect or do not exist — with the AI hallucinations originating in the court’s own published opinion, not a party’s brief. A rare and alarming escalation of the AI hallucination problem.
A California federal court ordered attorney Kevin Little to show cause why he should not be sanctioned after his opposition brief displayed three hallmarks of AI hallucination: non-existent cases, fabricated quotes from real cases, and unsupported legal representations.
A pro se appellant in a post-dissolution civil lawsuit filed an appellate brief containing citations to nonexistent authorities and fictitious holdings. The Illinois Third District Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court’s dismissal on the merits, granted defense sanctions for the AI-hallucinated
A self-represented appellant in a California divorce case submitted briefs to the Court of Appeal riddled with fictitious case citations — cases that do not exist, cases disapproved by the Supreme Court, and cases cited for propositions they do not support. The court named each fabricated citation o
A Pennsylvania Superior Court suspected AI drafting after finding a stepmother’s custody appeal brief cited cases that did not support claimed propositions. The court warned that AI-hallucinated citations risk waiving the arguments they purport to support under Pennsylvania appellate rules.
A Western District of Washington court issued a show cause order after an immigration habeas petitioner cited Ninth Circuit cases for propositions they did not support and included quoted text that appeared in neither of the cited cases — a pattern the court found consistent with AI-generated fabric
